Discover the key financial metrics that drive commercial real estate investment decisions. This comprehensive guide covers crucial calculations including Net Operating Income (NOI), Return on Investment (ROI), Capitalization Rate (Cap Rate), Cash on Cash Return, Gross Rent Multiplier (GRM), Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Present Value (NPV), Loan-to-Value Ratio (LTV), Break-Even Ratio, Vacancy Rate, Operating Expense Ratio (OER), and more. Whether you’re a seasoned investor or just starting in CRE, mastering these calculations is essential for evaluating property performance, assessing investment potential, and making informed decisions in the dynamic world of commercial real estate.